Take a look at this tiny (12 gram) micro robot dragging hundreds of times its own weight across a table. The µTug secret? (it's in the feet!)
(µTug or MicroTug robot video)
The controllable adhesives used by insects to both
carry large loads and move quickly despite their small scale
inspires the µTug robot concept. These are small robots that
can both move quickly and use controllable adhesion to apply
interaction forces many times their body weight. The adhesives
enable these autonomous robots to accomplish this feat on a variety
of common surfaces without complex infrastructure. The
benefits, requirements, and theoretical efficiency of the adhesive
in this application are discussed as well as the practical choices
of actuator and robot working surface material selection. A
robot actuated by piezoelectric bimorphs demonstrates fast
walking with a no-load rate of 50 Hz and a loaded rate of 10 Hz.
A 12 g shape memory alloy (SMA) actuated robot demonstrates
the ability to load more of the adhesive enabling it to tow 6.5 kg
on glass (or 500 times its body weight). Continuous rotation
actuators (electromagnetic in this case) are demonstrated on
another 12 g robot give it nearly unlimited work cycles through
gearing. This leads to advantages in towing capacity (up to 22 kg
or over 1800 times its body weight), step size, and efficiency.
This work shows that using such an adhesive system enables
small robots to provide truly human scale interaction forces,
despite their size and mass. This will enable future microrobots
to not only sense the state of the human environment in which
they operate, but apply large enough forces to modify it in
response.
Eric Frank Russel had a piece of this future in 1941. Writing in Astounding Stories as Maurice A. Hugi, he created a vision that inspired Ray Bradbury and many roboticists. Be sure to read more about his story The Mechanical Mice, but for now take a look at the golden shuttles:
... there came a very tiny, very subtle and extremely high-pitched whine. Something small, metallic, glittering had shot through one of the rat holes, fled across the floor toward the churning monstrosity. A trapdoor opened and swallowed it with such swiftness that it had disappeared before I realized what I'd seen. The thing had been a cylindrical, polished object resembling the shuttle of a sewing machine, but about four times the size. And it had been dragging something also small and metallic.
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