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"I was perfectly satisfied to write science fiction knowing that it would pay very little, that it would be seen by only a very few people."
- Isaac Asimov

Hyperspace  
  A realm or parallel universe in which it may be possible to travel much faster than light.  

As far as I know, this is the first use of the term "hyperspace" in fiction.

AS a psychologist I was, and am, not unknown. My monographs on “The Will” and “The Fundamentals of Character” are accepted as authoritative. I have also some reputation as a mathematician, or rather that branch of it which is included in the domain of metaphysics, transcendental mathematics, which was developed by the mystics of antiquity and more recently by Zollner, Hinton, and Einstein.

Into the mysteries of hyperspace T have penetrated farther than any man now living. I am one of the few who can say that physically I have been in the fourth dimension. It was while in this plane that I learned that J. Ensley Kendall had betrayed me. I read his thoughts as if they were an open book. When I returned to three dimensional space I went to him and accused him of his treachery and upbraided him. He listened. It even seemed to me that he listened patiently.

Technovelgy from The Statement of Archibald Swayne, by Burton Peter Thom.
Published by Weird Tales in 1924
Additional resources -

Here's another quotation from The Invisible Bubble (1928), by Kirk Meadowcroft:

Are we not justified in supposing, by the analogy of the reversibility of reactions in chemistry, that the boundary lines of space and hyper-space may not be so rigidly drawn as we have supposed?


(The Invisible Bubble, by Kirk Meadowcroft)

...We have discovered by my synthesis the factors necessary to produce a disturbance of spatial relation. We see that they may occur in nature; that under certain conditions, by the aid of lightning as well as by my tube, there may be produced the globules of hyper-space, which then seek each other out - flow together - and travel in vague and erratic fashion, as they may be drawn here and there by one influence or another.

Hyperspace as usually presented today is as an alternative to "normal space," that being the reality that we humans occupy.

John W. Campbell used it just three years later sans hyphen in Islands of Space:

Well, we would be stuck if we didn’t have this new method, for the acceleration would take too long. However, in the hyperspace we are going into, a new condition exists. In this space, you never saw light standing still, did you? Now, when light is made, it is at rest, and yet it instantly attains a velocity of 186,000 miles a second. How? Light cannot go slower than that speed and exist. However, the presence of certain things in space will alter the minimum velocity. For instance, it can go more slowly through glass, for the presence of the glass alters the condition of space. Well, in this hyperspace we are creating, matter cannot exist at a velocity lower than a certain quantity, and we determine that quantity by using this apparatus. We are subject to an infinite acceleration — and we are subject to that acceleration in every particle. Remember, that we have no weight when we offer no resistance to gravity, but we yield and fall freely. We yield to the infinite acceleration, and are not hurt by it. Result — we move at the velocity we desire,” explained Arcot.

“Well — you go into a hyperspace — and move at any speed you please. I wonder then, how are you going to see where you are going?”

“We won’t. While in that hyperspace I don’t expect to see anything. We will start the ship in the direction we wish to go, then go in that line when we fall into hyperspace, and since we direct our path, we can avoid stars in that way. Meteors, or objects too small to be seen, we need not worry about, for the old law correctly stated, is, two bodies cannot be in the same space at the same time. We won’t be — we will be in a different space. However, the gravitational effect of a star would ruin our apparatus, and drain out the stored energy, and we would materialize perhaps in the center of a white-hot starl The moral of which is, look out for stars!”

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Additional resources:
  More Ideas and Technology from The Statement of Archibald Swayne
  More Ideas and Technology by Burton Peter Thom
  Tech news articles related to The Statement of Archibald Swayne
  Tech news articles related to works by Burton Peter Thom

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