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"Human beings hardly ever learn from the experience of others. They learn; when they do, which isn't often, on their own, the hard way."
- Robert Heinlein
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| Artificial Intelligence | ||
| A machine or other created system able to respond in a human-like way to questions or problems. |
As far as I know, the first use of the term "artificial intelligence" in science fiction, and perhaps the first use of this phrase in its modern sense.
| Grag, the towering manlike giant who bore in his metal frame the strength of an army and an artificial intelligence equal to the human, rumbled a question in his deep booming voice. But Curt Newton only vaguely heard him. His gaze had followed Joan’s out into the alien night. This was not his first visit to Europa. |
| Technovelgy from Moon of the Unforgotten,
by Edmond Hamilton. Published by Startling Stories in 1951 Additional resources -
|
This phrase was used in the 19th century, but not in the sense of a sentient machine. For example, in Mr. Gladstone's Work, an essay by R. Giffen published in 1869 in The Fortnightly Review:
Or earlier in this article Present Inefficiency in the Jury System in The Law Magazine, Or, Quarterly Review of Jurisprudence (1849):
The Oxford English Dictionary lists the following proposal as the first use of the phrase "artificial intelligence":
The proposal aimed to study if machines could use language, form abstractions and concepts, solve kinds of problems now reserved for humans, and improve themselves.
The conference was actually held from June 19 to August 16, 1956, at Dartmouth College; widely recognized as the birth of AI as a field of study.
He has been compelled to create an artificial intelligence, an artificial agitation, to supply the place of feelings his predecessor had at command.
While therefore we would desire our juries to be moulded after a higher standard, we do not mean that we want in them a superior degree of particular, partial or artificial intelligence, but a legal guarantee for greater general and judicial talent.
"A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence" authored by John McCarthy [credited with coining the phrase], Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude E. Shannon.
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Tech news articles related to works by Edmond Hamilton
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'...Anything was possible in my imaginary environment.'
'Somewhere in space, a chrome and blue automobile raced the green light of Earth.'
'That explains how it was so easy for me to remain motionless in midair...'
'We had discovered that metal was relatively impervious to the telepathic effect.'
'Detailed plans for the construction of the Gundstetter-Halone warp drive were flowing.'
'Do not waste your priceless company on the unappreciative folds of a sleep pod...'
'...so we've promised him a generous pension from the royalties.'
'Hocus-pocus religions and archaic weapons are no substitute for a good blaster at your side.'
