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"Science fiction is the very literature of change. In fact, it is the only such literature we have."
- Frederik Pohl

Laser Rifle  
  A laser weapon shaped like a rifle, carried by one man, fired at the shoulder.  

As far as I know, the earliest use of the term "laser rifle".

“You got the time, A1 ?”

“Ten till.”

Soot-barrelled [sic] laser rifles protruding through ink-dipped fronds. . . .

“Think anyone’ll come?”

“Naw.”

Technovelgy from Nine Starships Waiting, by Roger Zelazny.
Published by Fantastic in 1963
Additional resources -

Another very early reference to laser rifles in Gree's Hellcats (1966) by CC MacApp:

Soft popping sounds began, punctuated with angry roars and shrieks of the animals, and occasionally with the splat of a laser rifle. The hunters thrashed by in the brush on both sides of him, and emerged into the small glade at the edge of which he’d chosen to hide.

Compare to laserifle from Door to Anywhere (1966) by Poul Anderson.

Perhaps the earliest "energy weapons" were the Electric rifle from Tom Swift and the underwater gun that fired leyden ball from 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.

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Additional resources:
  More Ideas and Technology from Nine Starships Waiting
  More Ideas and Technology by Roger Zelazny
  Tech news articles related to Nine Starships Waiting
  Tech news articles related to works by Roger Zelazny

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