Medical Drones Hover Like Angels Near You
'The death-reversal equipment is on its way...'- Frederk Pohl, 1965. (re: Frederik Pohl)

SkEye Amazing Israeli Gigapixel Drone
'An eye that could not only see, but fly...' - Manly Wade Wellman, 1938. (re: Manly Wade Wellman)

How Rude! DARPA Wants Robots To Behave More Like Threepio
'Do I know protocol? Why, it's my primary function.' - George Lucas, 1976. (re: George Lucas)

'Liquid Light' Flows Around Corners
Light as a superfluid. (re: George Lucas)

Unrolling The Filmy Materials Of Space Tech
'When unfolded and unrolled... it became a tough, gleaming film.' - Jack Vance, 1962. (re: Jack Vance)

Buddy Companion Robot Your Bulbous Friend
'Nanny was built in the shape of a sphere, a large metal sphere, flattened on the bottom...' - Philip K. Dick, 1955. (re: Philip K. Dick)

Poli-X1 Prototype Bee Pollinator
Always buzz, buzz, buzz, eh Mr. Drone? (re: Raymond Z. Gallun)

Bake in Space Bake-Off... In Space!
'A joyous condition commenced for the cook in the electric kitchen...' - Otto Willi Gail, 1929. (re: Otto Willi Gail)

DeepMind AI Baffled By Homer Simpson, Needs Human Help
'Whenever a robot finds something it can't identify straight off...' - Harry Harrison, 1956. (re: Harry Harrison)

Does Earth's Middle Mantle Hold Oceans Of Water?
Al Gore, you have no idea. (re: Stephen Baxter)

Deep Learning Creates New Faces
'a million and a half physiognomic fraction-representations of various people...' - Philip K. Dick, 1977. (re: Philip K. Dick)

Vaccine Blocks Heroin High
'You're biochemically incapable of getting off...' - William Gibson, 1985. (re: William Gibson)

Design Your Own Robot (Carefully)
'I didn't realize it, but I was patiently building the most dangerous thing in creation...' - Maurice Hugi, 1941. (re: Maurice Hugi)

Worms Eat Plastic Now
'Slowly and inexorably, the rate of dissolution increased...' - Davis/Pedlar, 1971. (re: Michael Crichton)

The Largest Virtual Universe!
'...a machine able literally to contain the Universe Itself .' - Stanislaw Lem, 1965. (re: Stanislaw Lem)

Cyborg DragonflEye At Your Command
'The dragonfly responded like a toy airplane, taking off and heading east...' (re: John Twelve Hawks)

The Ring Clock IS Heinlein's Finger Watch
'Crayn glanced at his finger watch...' - HB Fyfe, 1951. (re: HB Fyfe)

Xiaoice AI Now A Poet
'How can you compete with an IBM heavy-duty logomatic analogue?'- JG Ballard, 1971. (re: JG Ballard)

Dubai Mall Hires Robocop
'This was as close as a robot could get to a cop in uniform, without being a joke.' - Harry Harrison, 1958. (re: Harry Harrison)

Ambrosia Start-Up Offers New Blood For Old 'Caper'
'It consists largely in replacing the entire blood tissue in an old person with new, young blood...' - Robert Heinlein, 1941. (re: Robert Heinlein)

Prodrone Dual Arm Drone PD6B-AW-ARM As Predicted In 1960
'The ultimate horror for our paranoid culture; vicious unseen mechanical entities that flit at the edges of our vision...' - Philip K. Dick, 1960. (re: Philip K. Dick)

Artificial Intelligence Software Predicts Lifespan
'The doctor... went behind his apparatus... exposed dials came to life and a low humming came from the machine...' - Robert Heinlein, 1939. (re: Robert Heinlein)

BlessU-2 Robot Priest Celebrates 500th Reformation Anniversary
'at last the robot cardinal is to be elected Pope.' - Robert Silverberg, (re: Robert Silverberg)

Free-Floating Planet Capture Not Rare, Says Paper
'planets which had been pulled from their pathways ages ago by a passing star...' - Balmer and Wylie, 1932. (re: Balmer and Wylie)

Tiny Tertill Autonomous Weeding Robot
'And it's only programmed to look for things smaller than an inch." - Michael Crichton, 1985. (re: Michael Crichton)

Used Dragon Cargo Spacecraft Will Fly Again
'the overstrained meters made the smaller craft skittish as a young horse...' - Robert Heinlein (re: Robert Heinlein)

Spider Flyer Walker Space Suit For Mars Astronauts
'The eight thin metallic legs were pointed downwards...' - Charles Sheffield, 1979. (re: Charles Sheffield)

Anti AI AI Wearable Detects Artificial Voices
Combats another wearable, the voice-changing bowtie. (re: Various)

Drones Will Transform Cities
Where we're going, we don't use roads. (re: Arthur C. Clarke)

Orbital Space Tourism For $1M
'Big cigar. Narrows at the ends.' - William Gibson, 1984. (re: William Gibson)

Prynt Pocket Prints AR Pix Right In Your Hand
A printer for the palm of your hand. (re: John Brunner)

3D Printed Stretchable Skin For Robots AND You!
'Three rows of four colored dots appeared on the heel of my left hand...' - John Varley, 1992. (re: Greg Bear)

Bat Bot Robotic Flapping-Wing Drone
'The dark birdforms dotted the mountaintops like statues of prehistoric beasts, wings outspread...' - Roger Zelazny, 1980. (re: Roger Zelazny)

NASA's Astronaut Rescue Ball
'Ball and closely-prisoned man plummeted downward..' - Doc Smith, 1934. (re: Doc Smith)

ARM Wants To Build Brain Chips
'Slivers of microsoft, angular fragments of colored silicon...' - William Gibson, 1984. (re: William Gibson)

Sky Fence - A Drone-Proof Shield Created Over Prison
'There’s still a protective field over the whole thing. It volatilizes anything that tries to get through.' - Robert Silverberg, 1969. (re: Robert Silverberg)

Geoengineering The Atmosphere For Climate Change
'...a uniform temperature for each degree of latitude the year round.' - John Jacob Astor IV, 1894. (re: John Jacob Astor IV)

Archinaut Orbiting Robotic Factory
'Mass-produced only in the orbiting factories...'- Arthur C. Clarke, 1978. (re: Arthur C. Clarke)

Cryonic Preservation - The Last Perk You'll Ever Need
'Is there not also a law providing for voluntary suspension of animation?' - Edward Page Mitchell, 1879. (re: Edward Page Mitchell)

Computers Understand Humans By Watching And Modeling Them
Soon, your computer will be watching you... and judging you. (re: Anthony Boucher)

NASA Asks For Moon To Earth Delivery Ideas
'Authority's 3-g catapult was almost one hundred kilometers long...' - Robert Heinlein, 1966. (re: Robert Heinlein)

Musk Tunnels Wisely Restrict Drivers
Too many robots. (re: Schachner and Zagat)

Robot Swarms Controlled With Augmented Reality
'You're not thinking in enough dimensions...' - Daniel Suarez, 2009. (re: Daniel Suarez)

MIT's C-LEARN Helps Robots Transfer Learning To Other Robots
'Talk Between Robots radio...' - Frederik Pohl, 1954. (re: Frederik Pohl)

Mini-Brains In A Dish
'Cultured brains on a slab.' - Peter Watts, 1999. (re: Peter Watts)

Rapid Automated Search For Habitable Planets Needed
'I was near enough it now to set my automatic astronomical instruments to searching it for a habitable planet.' - Edmond Hamilton, 1936. (re: Edmond Hamilton)

WatchSense Perfect For Fat-Fingered Smartwatch Owners
'Now all you had to do was wave your hand in the general direction of the components...' - Douglas Adams, 1979. (re: Douglas Adams)

Digital Construction Platform Robot 3D Prints A Building
'It extrudes material like a spider.' - Charles Sheffield, 1979. (re: Charles Sheffield)

Bionic Eye-Hand Combo Robot Grasps Objects On Its Own
'The crawling, exploring object was V-Stephen's surgeon-hand, a self-contained robot...' - Philip K. Dick, 1955. (re: Philip K. Dick)

Earth's 7,000 Languages Soon Machine Translatable
Bet this method would work with Gorns. (re: Gene Roddenberry)

FarmBot, Your Personal Robotic Farmer
'A robot farmer was plowing...' - Philip K. Dick, 1954. (re: Philip K. Dick)

NASA's Prototype Lunar Greenhouse For Mars And Moon
'In contrast to the airless desolation outside, the interior of this five-acre greenhouse was the one most desirable place to be.' - Raymond Z. Gallun, 1951. (re: Raymond Z. Gallun)

Fukushima Plant Needs Radiation-Proof Scorpion Robots
'...with lead-bodied, radio-remote controlled androids, it's easier.' - Mari Wolf, 1952. (re: Mari Wolf)

NASA's Meteorite-Resistant Fabric Perfect For Space Armor
'The men who labored so feverishly there, were clad in heavy space armor...' - Raymond Z. Gallun, 1932. (re: Raymond Z. Gallun)

How Deep Learning And AI Will Affect Health Care
'A sort of satchel with an orifice in the top from which two metallic tentacles protruded slightly.' - Gordon R. Dickson, 1965. (re: Gordon R. Dickson)

Amazing Tesla Autopilot Video
'As the beautiful old car cruised in almost perfect silence under the guidance of its automatic controls...' - Arthur C. Clarke, 1976. (re: Arthur C. Clarke)

3D Print Moon Dust Bricks
More fun with simulated lunar regolith. (re: John W. Campbell)

Cattle Avoidance Feature In Indian Autonomous Cars
'The driver went about the business of gently slipping the teflon-coated metal scoop beneath the first animal...' - Allan Dean Foster, 2006. (re: Allan Dean Foster)

Project KOVR Fashion Protection From Infosphere
'... the entire shroudlike membrane took on whatever physical characteristics were projected at any nanosecond.' - Philip K. Dick, 1977. (re: Philip K. Dick)

Twist Bioscience High Density Digital Data On DNA
'They tied the memory to the bloodline and that was their record!' - Barbara Humbly, 1982. (re: Barbara Hambly)

'We're Not Creating A Terminator' Say Russians About Gun-Wielding Robot Fedor
Nobody is thinking about the Terminator. Westworld, maybe. (re: Michael Crichton)

Vantablack Now IMMEASURABLY Black
'a black coating now that’s ninety-nine percent absorptive...' - Doc Smith, 1934. (re: Doc Smith)

Mercedes-Benz Autonomous Taxi Fleet In 3 Years
'... the taxi utilized sophisticated electronic sensors to perceive its surroundings.' - Allan Dean Foster, 2006. (re: Alan Dean Foster)

Is 'The Pulsar Positioning System' Evidence For SETI?
'For a hyperspace jump, you need at least four beacons for an accurate fix.' - Harry Harrison, 1959. (re: Harry Harrison)

Someday, You Might Like VR Enough To Move In
'That barrier was going to melt away someday soon. The transhumanists had promised...' - Stephen Baxter, 2008. (re: Stephen Baxter)

Humans Use Mental Power For Turtle Slavery
Now we need to start looking for animals with fingers... (re: Robert Silverberg)

Solar-Powered Moisture Vaporator
'The atmosphere yielded its moisture with reluctance.' - George Lucas, 1976. (re: George Lucas)

DxtER! Tricorder Prize Won By Final Frontier Medical Devices
We've been waiting a long time for this, Star Trek fans. (re: Gene Roddenberry)

President Trump's Wall As Otra Nation Hyperloop
'...an hollow tube must be constructed the whole distance... as to admit a four wheeled carriage...'- George Medhurst, 1812. (re: Harl Vincent)

Pickup Lines From Artificial Intelligences
'They hate us, you know... The humans. They'll stop at nothing.' - Steven Spielberg, 2001. (re: Steven Spielberg)

Pooper Scooper Drone Robot Watchdog 1
'Robots pick up the garbage and junk...' - Harry Harrison, 1956. (re: Harry Harrison)

Cassie Robot Brings AT-ST Walker To Life
There's even a log test! (re: George Lucas)

Hundreds Of Robot Lawnmowers Invade Texas Town
'The mower reached the edge of the lawn, clucked to itself...' - Clifford Simak, 1944. (re: Clifford Simak)

Smartflower Solar Panel Unfolds In Video
'...the slender stalks of a sunshade-photocell collector.' - David Brin, 1990. (re: David Brin)

3D Printed Prosthetic Coral
Be sure to read The Diamond Age - still worth it. (re: Neal Stephenson)

Chowbotics Salad Robot, Sally
'... gorgeous eating places where we were served entirely by mechanical apparatus.' - Edgar Rice Burroughs, 1912. (re: Edgar Rice Burroughs)

Flying In An Ironman Suit
Just ask WWTSD? That's 'What Would Tony Stark Do...' (re: Various)

Are Observed Radio Bursts An Alien Propulsion Technology?
'These cones were driven through space by light pressure, the possibilities of which force they had long utilized.' - Edmond Hamilton, 1929. (re: Edmond Hamilton)

Caltech's ET Laboratory Looks For New Earths
'...set my automatic astronomical instruments to searching for a habitable planet.'- Edmond Hamilton, 1936. (re: Edmond Hamilton)

Wink To Magnify View
Hopefully upgrade will be less than six million dollar man paid. (re: Various)

Shh! USAF's Secret X-37B Space Plane Breaks Record
'More airplane than spaceship...' - Robert Heinlein, 1951. (re: Robert Heinlein)

Artificially Intelligent Poster - Advert That Writes Itself
Oh great, AI now takes over the ad biz. (re: Philip K. Dick)

3D Print Tiny Bio-Bots
'... biological robots were not living creatures.' - Arthur C. Clarke, 1972. (re: Arthur C. Clarke)

Aequoreas Floating Village 3D Printed From Ocean Junk
'... the Floating Island chain of independent international corporate entities.' - Larry Niven, 2000. (re: Edmond Hamilton)

PassivDom 3D Printed House - What If You Could Live Anywhere?
'The houses are prefabricated units...' - Clifford Simak, 1952. (re: Clifford Simak)

Breakthrough In Manufacture Of Red Blood Cells
This blood's for you! (re: Various)

Caihong Solar-Powered Drone 'Atmospheric Satellite'
'... placed in the wings of a plane to generate power from the light falling on that surface.' - John W. Campbell, 1930. (re: John W. Campbell)

NASA Wants Low Earth Orbit Wifi
'This was the center of Interplanetary Communications.' - George O. Smith, 1942. (re: George O. Smith)

Is Genetic Testing At Businesses A Bad Idea?
It's not a topic that fares well in science fiction movies- (re: Andrew Niccol)

Wearable Smart Jacket
He pressed the button in his sleeve communicator and snapped: 'Action stations!' - Murray Leinster, 1945. (re: Murray Leinster)

Store One Bit On One Atom
'...each individual molecule has a meaning.' - Robert Heinlein, 1951. (re: Robert Heinlein)

Fluorescent Bacteria Fashion
'The racks of gowns itched and quivered, their colors running into blurred pools.' - J.G. Ballard, 1970. (re: J.G. Ballard)

Keith Laumer's Bolo Autonomous Tanks Right On Schedule
'I cannot lie idle under attack.' - Keith Laumer, 1976. (re: Keith Laumer)

When Computers Develop Their Own Language, Will They Talk To Us?
'The curious absent look of a robot talking on the TBR circuits - the Talk Between Robots radio...' - Frederik Pohl, 1954. (re: Frederik Pohl)

LipNet Reads Lips - Until Disconnected, That Is
'We'd have to cut his higher brain functions... I'm not sure what [HAL} would think about that.' - Arthur C. Clarke, 1968. (re: Arthur C. Clarke)

Eterni.me - To Skype With The Dead
'Nothing... left of Jeserac but a galaxy of electrons frozen in the heart of a crystal.'- Arthur C. Clarke, 1956. (re: Arthur C. Clarke)

Wearable MRI Is Former Occulus/Facebook Exec's New Project
'Your cephalochromoscope... that you always turn on and play when you get home...' - Philip K. Dick, 1977. (re: Philip K. Dick)

Ford Stratasys Infinte Build 3D Printer
'He proudly indicated his Buick... Almost as good as the original it was printed from...' - Philip K. Dick, 1956. (re: Philip K. Dick)

The Space Suit As Personal Spaceship
'Darn clever, these suits...' - Jack Williamson, 1933. (re: Jack Williamson)

Dune Fans! Your God Emperor Is Ready
'If one held a sandtrout in the hand, smoothing it over your skin, it formed a living glove.' - Frank Herbert, 1976. (re: Frank Herbert)

Robot Strolls Field, Examines EVERY Plant
'The great machines that did the work ... required but a few dozen men to cultivate an entire county.' - John W. Campbell (re: John W. Campbell)

Sweden Outlaws Drones
'An eye that could not only see, but fly, roam, travel at speeds and in directions to suit its operator...' (re: Manly Wade Wellman)

Wear Your Self-Powered Generator
'It's basically a micro-sandwich...' - Frank Herbert, 1965. (re: Frank Herbert)

TITAN-III Spider Robot Is WAY Too Quick (Video)
'My little friends can find you wherever you go!' - Michael Crichton, 1984. (re: Michael Crichton)

Bill Gates Suggests Tax On Robots
'A worker replaced by a nubot that 'appears or pretends to be human' had to be compensated...'- John Twelve Hawks, 2014. (re: John Twelve Hawks)

Handle, New Wheeled Hopping Robot
'the hopper sprang thirty feet into the air...' - Isaac Asimov, 1954. (re: Isaac Asimov)

Matrix Sentinel Ancestor, The Pipe Inspector Robot From Krakow
Watch out, Keanu! (re: Wachowskis)

Auto-Focus Smart Glasses Have Liquid Lenses
'Hufhuf oil held in static tension by an enclosing force field within a viewing tube...' - Frank Herbert, 1965. (re: Frank Herbert)

Robotic Physician Assistant Has Steady 'Hands'
'You turned the screws below and the prongs moved... with caliper slowness, minuteness and precision.' - Raymond Z. Gallun, 1939. (re: Raymond Z. Gallun)

Roboy 3DPrinted Humanoid Robot
'A robot child that would be reared within the bosom of a human family...' - Henry Slesar, 1958. (re: Henry Slesar)

Robird Flapping Wing Drones Keep Airports Safe
'Mitch heard a rasping, flacketing buzz, like a big insect...' - Greg Bear, 2003. (re: Greg Bear)

3D Printed Fashion - Plastirobes And Transdresses
'... dial a new fashion every day!' - Niven and Barnes, 1992. (re: Niven and Barnes)

Robotic Lawn Mower Powered By Sun, Arduino
'The mower reached the edge of the lawn, clucked to itself like a contented hen...' - Clifford Simak, 1944. (re: Clifford SImak)

Google Perfects 'Blade Runner-style' Photo Details
'Pull back... stop... enhance 57-19...' - Blade Runner, 1982. (re: Ridley Scott)

Pokerbot Libratus Learns To Lie (Bluff)
'Lying's a vital part of your psychological defense system - you're naked without it!' - Red Dwarf (re: Various)

Otto Autonomous Robot Trucks Run Into... Legal Snag
'They were automatic trucks such as are used for making deliveries...' - Miles J. Breuer, 1932. (re: Miles J. Breuer)

Tiny Drones With Sticky Feet Pollinate Flowers Now
'The Scarab rubbed its hind legs together...' - Raymond Z Gallun, 1936 (re: Raymond Z. Gallun)

ThreeForm 3D Scans And Digitally Simulates Customer Fashion
'...A miracle of misapplied engineering caused his own face to appear on the illustrated figures dressed in trooper red.' - Harry Harrison, 1965. (re: Harry Harrison)

CloudFisher - Moroccan Fog Farmers Harvest Moisture From The Air
'That moisture trickles down...', Frank Herbert, 1965. (re: Frank Herbert)

Piaggio Gita Personal Robot Porter
'Carry his bag... and follow him faithfully...' John Brunner, 1975. (re: John Brunner)

Ardu McDuino, Bagpipe Robot
'Rollo sat at the keyboard, prim, inhuman, rigid, twin lenses focused...' - Herbert Goldstone, 1953. (re: Herbert Goldstone)

Not Quite Self-Replicating Robots, Franka Emika
'... it shares with mankind the ability to propagate.' - Maurice Hugi, 1941. (re: Maurice Hugi)

H-MEX Helpful Exoskeleton From Hyundai
'We have those new suits rigged with atomic-powered lifting gadgets...' - John W. Campbell, 1938. (re: John W. Campbell)

New Paper - Write With Light Erase With Heat
Writing with light, erasing with heat. (re: Greg Bear)

Sewbo Robot Perfect For Heinlein's Bespoke Kilts!
'He sat himself down in a sales cubicle and dialed the code number for kilts.'- Robert Heinlein, 1941. (re: Robert Heinlein)

Safilo Brain-Sensing Eyewear
'they all relaxed and got mellow....' - Philip K. Dick, 1977. (re: Philip K Dick)

The In Situ Fabricator Construction Robot
In Situ Fabricator looks too careful to be a runaway! (re: Michael Crichton)

Researchers Say 'Biohybrid Robot' - Clarke Said 'Biot'
'... The biological robots were not living creatures.' - Arthur C. Clarke, 1972. (re: Arthur C. Clarke)

51 Percent Of Job Activities Could Be Automated
'Mike did not have upsets, acquired sense of humor instead...' - Robert Heinlein, 1966. (re: Robert Heinlein)

Use Your Brainwaves As A Password
'The doors of Mr. Lars, Incorporated, shut, tuned as they were to his own cephalic pattern.'- Philip K. Dick, 1965. (re: Philip K. Dick)

Dilbert Writer Scott Adams Plans For Immortality
'Nothing will be left of Jeserac but a galaxy of electrons frozen in the heart of a crystal.'- Arthur C. Clarke, 1956. (re: Arthur C. Clarke)

Software Learns To Design Software
'... The rational use of computers to design more advanced computers.' - Isaac Asimov, 1958. (re: Isaac Asimov)

3D Skin Printer Helps Burn Victims
'Over her lacerated right shoulder he sprayed art-derm...'- Philip K. Dick, 1960. (re: Philip K. Dick)

Tesla Autopilot's 40 Percent Crash Reduction
''I hope all those other cars are on automatic,' he said anxiously.' - Arthur C. Clarke, 1976 (re: Arthur C. Clarke)

Pent-Up NASA Scientists Simulate Life On Mars
'That gives it complete isolation.' - David H. Keller, 1932. (re: David H. Keller)

China Now Has Robot Journalists
'A vast complex electronic organism buried deep in the ground, responsible to no one...' - Philip K. Dick, 1963. (re: Philip K. Dick)

Relationship-Practicing Robot From Turing Robot
'Streamlined, smooth-working, absolutely noiseless, breath-takingly realistic.' - Fritz Lieber, 1954. (re: Alice W. Fuller)

Cormorant Flying Car
'The cab came floating down out of the sky...' - James Blish, 1957. (re: James Blish)

ElliQ Robot To Help Israel's Grandmas And Grandpas
'The robant and the tiny old woman entered the control room slowly...' - Philip K Dick, 1953. (re: Philip K. Dick)

EU Debates Kill Switches For Robots
'I have a mechanism which our autofac on Mars builds as an... emergency safety...' - Philip K. Dick, 1968. (re: Philip K. Dick)

Scotland Set To Implement Basic Income
'Earned by just being born.'- Philip Jose Farmer, 1967. (re: Philip Jose Farmer)

Sales Robots More Persistent Than Humans
'Robot-salesmen were everywhere, gesturing,,, shrilling...' - Philip K Dick, 1954. (re: Philip K. Dick)

AI Identifies Suicidal Behavior With 93 Percent Accuracy
'...He padded into the living room, and seated himself by the suitcase; he opened it, clicked switches, and turned on Dr. Smile.' - Philip K. Dick, 1965. (re: James Blish)

Razer Project Valerie Laptop Unfurls
'A paper thin polycarbon screen unfurled silently...' - William Gibson, 1986. (re: William Gibson)

Can Virtual Reality help People Cope With Pain?
Research is promising. (re: Roger Zelazny)

Dust Movement On The Moon, Saturn's Rings Solved
'...The dust normally on the surface picks up and keeps a charge.' - Hal Clement, 1956. (re: Hal Clement)

Largest Micro-Drone Swarm Release Successful
'... Programmed to hang in space in a hexagonal grid pattern.' - Neal Stephenson, 1995. (re: Neal Stephenson)

Robot Motion Planning 10K Times Faster
'The robot crab... fired a burst of light, then froze...' - William Gibson, 1984. (re: William Gibson)

Reconfigured Graphene 10X Strong, 5 Percent Dense, As Steel
'...It was made of Alohydrolium, which is the lightest of all metals.' - Hugo Gernsback, 1911. (re: Hugo Gernsback)

Axiom - The World's First Private Space Station?
'So Webb Foster had built his space laboratory... It was a great crystal sphere, a thousand feet in diameter.' - Nat Schachner, 1937. (re: Nat Schachner)