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"One can see the free software movement as a precusor for a "free hardware" or "free wetware" movement--one that will provide free libraries of designs for biological or nanotechnological products that replicators can be programmed to churn out."
- Charles Stross

Repair Robots  
  Autonomous robots that carry out maintenance functions on a space ship.  

"Doc" was a repair robot:

Doc rolled in. He was an adaptation of the same model as Sinner and Adder, with digits specialized for repairing machinery, including other robots. His cylindrical body housed a “memory” file of repair instructions recorded on tape.

As far as I know, this is the first use of "repair robot".

“Didn’t I ask you to do something about Liar?” [William "Ed" Moran, editor of Stupendous Stories] demanded when the repair robot rolled in. “You were supposed to find a way weeks ago to stop his editing stories as he works.”

Doc hesitated a moment in acute embarrassment.

“To tell the truth,” he said, “I fear to tamper with as complex a mechanism as Liar. I am only a Model 255-C.”

"Oh, get out!" growled Ed, discouraged.

Technovelgy from The Well-Oiled Machine, by H.B. Fyfe.
Published by Fantasy Science Fiction in 1950
Additional resources -

In Stanislaw Lem's 1954 novel The Invincible, a heavy cruiser powered by photon drive, came within range of a star system worthy of exploration, the crew was brought out of hibernation and the ship prepared for their use.

Faint rattling noises came from inside the hull as if swarms of tiny animals were busily scurrying about scratching the metal walls with their sharp little claws. This was the sign that the repair robots had started out on their rounds, checking the solidity of the braces of the ship's framework; making sure that the hull had not been damaged anywhere and that all seams were still welded tight. The entire ship came to life, filled with myriad noises and activities . . . only the crew had not yet awakened...

Interesting early use of this concept; we all remember the helpful droids from Star Wars, like R2D2.

Compare to the Self-Maintaining Circuit Monitoring and Repair from Gramp and his Dog (1952) by Frank Quattrocchi, the self-repairing robot from Accidental Flight (1952) by W.F. Wallace, the blue collar robot from The Velvet Glove (1956) by Harry Harrison, the service drones from The Two Faces of Tomorrow (1979) by James P. Hogan and the repair drone from Neuromancer (1984) by William Gibson.

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Additional resources:
  More Ideas and Technology from The Well-Oiled Machine
  More Ideas and Technology by H.B. Fyfe
  Tech news articles related to The Well-Oiled Machine
  Tech news articles related to works by H.B. Fyfe

Repair Robots-related news articles:
  - SRI International's Speedy, Ant-Sized Microrobot Swarm
  - Bridge-MINDER Repair Robot
  - SPIDER Repair Robots From Lockheed Martin Blimps
  - Rolls Royce 'Cockroach-Sized' Repair Robots To Crawl Inside Engines

Articles related to Robotics
Tesla's Optimus Robot Now Sorts Objects (I've Got A Job In Mind)
CADRE Robots To Work In Teams On Other Planets
Robotic Hands Have More Than One Use
'No, I'm Not A Robot' - Robot

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