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"[Science fiction] is the only kind of writing that allows you to look at the world we live in and change one piece at a time."
- Frederik Pohl
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| HAL 9000 | ||
| The canonical example of an artificially intelligent computer. |
Just to give you some idea of how far-fetched this machine was, consider just the voice recognition capability of the HAL 9000. In 1966, researchers Bhimani, Merrill, Mitchell, and Stark stated that a person sitting at a desk, could potentially, by means of a small digitizer and a telephone, communicate with a database on a mainframe. At that time, on the IBM 360/60 mainframe, each initial analysis of a sample required 85 seconds of processor time for each second of the sample being translated.
| "Hal, switch to manual hibernation control."
"I can tell from your voice harmonics, Dave, that you're badly upset. Why don't you take a stress pill and get some rest?" "Hal, I am in command of this ship. I order you to release the manual hibernation control." "I'm sorry, Dave, but in accordance with special subroutine C1435-dash-4, quote, When the crew are dead or incapacitated, the onboard computer must assume control, unquote. I must, therefore, overrule your authority, since you are not in any condition to exercise it intelligently." "Hal," said Bowman, now speaking with an icy calm. "I am not incapacitated. Unless you obey my instructions, I shall be forced to disconnect you." "I know you have had that on your mind for some time now, Dave, but that would be a terrible mistake. I am so much more capable than you are of supervising the ship, and I have such enthusiasm for the mission and confidence in its success." "Listen to me very carefully, Hal. Unless you release the hibernation control immediately and follow every order I give from now on, I'll go to Central and carry out a complete disconnection." Hal's surrender was as total as it was unexpected. "O.K., Dave," he said. "You're certainly the boss. I was only trying to do what I thought best. Naturally, I will follow all your orders. You now have full manual hibernation control." |
| Technovelgy from 2001: A Space Odyssey ,
by Arthur C. Clarke. Published by Del Rey in 1968 Additional resources -
|
The sixth member of the crew cared for none of these things, for it was not human. It was the highly advanced HAL 9000 computer, the brain and nervous system of the ship.
HAL (for Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic computer, no less) was a masterwork of the third computer breakthrough. These seemed to occur at intervals of twenty years, and the thought that another one was now imminent already worried a great many people.
Would you like to meet the first fictional chess-playing machine? See automaton chessplayer, from Moxon's Master, written by Ambrose Bierce in 1910.
Compare to the emotion meter from The Emotion Meter (1935) by W. Varick Nevins.
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Additional
resources:
More Ideas
and Technology from 2001: A Space Odyssey
More Ideas
and Technology by Arthur C. Clarke
Tech news articles related to 2001: A Space Odyssey
Tech news articles related to works by Arthur C. Clarke
HAL 9000-related
news articles:
- Robots and Emotion: Tetchy the Turtle Meets HAL-9000
- Dyson Intelligent Vacuum Cleaner Is Self-Diagnosing
- XPod Activity And Emotion Aware Mobile Music Player
- Computerized Lip-Reading Crime Fighters
- Big Brother To Read Lips Like HAL
- HAL-Buffett 9000 To Make 50 Percent Of Trades By 2010
- OKAO Vision Lets Machines See You Smile
- Frustration-Detection System Patented By Microsoft
- Nanny Robot Senses Emotions Of Autistic Children
- Roomba Detects Emotions Like HAL-9000
- Machine Dispenses Snacks When Economy Goes Bad
- Computer Learns Sign Language From TV
- Robots Learn To Lie
- Computers Now Lip Read Like Humans
- Samurai CCTV System Targets Suspicious People
- Nokia Feel Emotional Recommendation Engine
- SASI Sarcasm Recognition A Really Useful Invention
- Brian Robot Reads Your Emotions, Then Creeps You Out
- Computer Recognizes Human Emotions From Conversation
- Robot Pianist Is Self-Correcting
- Antenna Repairmen In Fact And Fiction
- Voice Stress Detection In Emergency Callers
- DARPA's Sarcasm Detector Totes Gets Your Drift
- Computer Knows You're Mad, Chills You Out
- Kinect 2 Could Read Lips - Like HAL
- MIT Smile Research Knows Your Real One
- Deceptive Robots Learn Lying From Squirrels
- Could You Kill A Robot With Human Characteristics?
- Auto Emotion Detector Lets Your Car Know Your Mood
- Visual Speech Recognition - When Will HAL Read Lips For Real?
- Data Mining Computers Detect Your Emotions
- Google AI 'Deep Dreams' Kubrick's 2001
- Twitter Sarcasm Detected By Computer
- Computers Learning To Read Lips
- IBM Tone Analyzer - Like HAL 9000
- Robots That 'Feel' Real Emotions
- AI Lip Reading Better Than Human, Like HAL 9000
- LipNet Reads Lips - Until Disconnected, That Is
- An 'Ethical Black Box' For Robots?
- When Robots Beg For Their Lives
- Back In The Office? Relearn To Smile
- Google Engineer Convinced LaMDA Chatbot Is Sentient, Is Sent Home
| Are The Thought Police Listening To Everyone All The Time? |
| Nevada Will Use AI To Decide Worker Benefits |
| AI Note-Taking From Google Meet |
| Seeing Faces On Grains Of Sand (AI Pareidolia) |
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'You had to live -- did live, from habit that became instinct -- in the assumption that every sound you made was overheard...'
''OVERRIDE,' the City Fathers said suddenly, without being asked anything at all.'
'... they could plug in your wire whenever they wanted to.'
'... the expressionless face before me was therefore that of the golem-wrestler, Rolem, a creature that could be set for five times the strength of a human being.'
'Waldo put his arms into the primary pair before him; all three pairs, including the secondary pair mounted before the machine, came to life.'
'... the glittering little rocket bolted to the black iron behind him.'
'The slender stalks of a sunshade-photocell collector...'
